Become an Entrepreneur While Youre Still a Student

Become an Entrepreneur While Youre Still a Student School life can get really furious. With going to classes, composing papers, playing sports and going to club gatherings all while attempting to press in a public activity, it may appear the most exceedingly awful an ideal opportunity to begin a business. Be that as it may, it’s probably the best an ideal opportunity to investigate your enterprising soul! Consider it: in school you have all the assets you need directly readily available, for nothing. From getting business counsel from your Economics teacher to sourcing your ability directly in your lawn to having an instant customer base surrounding you. It truly doesn’t show signs of improvement than this. So how would you really begin a business in school? Here are a few hints: What Are You Good At? Assess your gifts. Is it accurate to say that you are an extrovert, acceptable at seeing the 10,000 foot view and assigning to other people? Or on the other hand would you say you are more active, assembling your manifestations from the base up? What are you acceptable at? What’s the core of your business? Assess Your Idea Is there a business opportunity for this administration/item? What assets do you need so as to execute it? What assets do you have? What number of individuals will you have to utilize so as to breath life into the thought? What’s the time period to execute your thought under the ideal conditions? Are there any lawful confinements or downside you can envision? Is it accurate to say that anyone is else offering a comparative assistance? Make a Business Arrangement Once more, an ideal opportunity to search out that Economics teacher or another educator who could assist you with this. A field-tested strategy covers the general thought of your business, investigates the current market for it, traces your promoting procedure, gives data about administration team’s experience and obligations, talks about the money related venture required and evaluates the dangers. Blueprint your marketable strategy all alone or with the assistance of a teacher or other experienced businessman. You can likewise utilize an extraordinary programming or request that we compose your field-tested strategy. Get a Mentor Most colleges have coaching programs through their vocation guiding focuses. You could contact a coach all alone just as if there’s somebody you truly need to work with and whose experience you think will assist you with developing your business. Consider Registering Your Business This is a significant advance in making your business official. You will require the assistance of your coach as well as a legal counselor on the off chance that you need to go this course. The advantages of enlisting are that no one can duplicate your thought without confronting lawful activity and you will be perceived as an official piece of this industry, permitting you to go to public exhibitions and create business associations with industry pioneers. Investigate Kickstarter Kickstarter is an extraordinary stage for youthful business visionaries. It shows you the intricate details of grassroots subsidizing and places you in contact with individuals who are chipping away at comparable tasks. It’s additionally a stage that accomplished industry pioneers use to investigate best in class ability. Get the Word Out on Social Media School grounds are famously internet based life fixated so exploit that and spread the news through your grounds. You should seriously think about paying for Facebook promotions to ensure your business advertisements get the consideration you need. Set up your site, register an Instagram account, post photographs and recordings and build up your LinkedIn profile. Web-based social networking is a significant piece of business advertising today. Take Classes to Enhance Your Business Knowledge Money and bookkeeping Showcasing Financial matters The board Open talking Composing and structure Software engineering Don’t Slack You may think that its hard to offset your new business with your classes. Don’t let yourself fall behind in your classes. You may get authorization to utilize your startup for your group venture or paper for at least one classes. In all probability, your teachers will be strong of your business and need to energize your enterprising soul. Turning into a business visionary during school can be an incredible encounter. On the off chance that you’re thinking about it, don’t dither. The assets and backing are ready for whoever gets there first. Picture credit: Photograph by Bloomberg - Getty Images.

The 21 Best News Roundups for Self-Publishing Authors

The 21 Best News Roundups for Self-Publishing Authors The 21 Best News Roundups for Self-Publishing Authors The sheer measure of data that comes spilling out of the web each week can be overpowering - particularly when you’re living in the ever-developing universe of independently publishing. To help smooth out your learning (and cut back on long periods of erratic perusing), we’ve set up a rundown of our preferred composition and independently publishing roundups.As we find new gatherings, we’ll be including and taking away passages from this rundown. On the off chance that you are aware of any incredible distributing related gatherings, let us know in the remarks beneath, and we may discover a spot for it on this page!General Publishing Roundups1. The Book DesignerJoel Friedlander’s site has for since quite a while ago been an asylum for book plan obsessives like us. It likewise flaunts a fantastic week after week blog roundup that reveals tips on composing, distributing, and - obviously - book design.2. The Digital ReaderLooking for a speedy shot of book news at the morning meal table?â Nate Hoffelder offers a craftsman mix of connections in his Morning Coffee gather together for perusers and distributing lovers who can’t hang tight an entire week for their fix of distributing news. Look at probably the best news roundups for #selfpub creators 3. IndieReader We will routinely revive this page, so in the event that you are aware of a strong news roundup that shares data, tips, and guidance forâ self-distributing creators, let us know in the remarks underneath!

Color Psychology Does It Affect How You Feel

Color Psychology Does It Affect How You Feel Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Color Psychology: Does It Affect How You Feel? How Colors Impact Moods, Feelings, and Behaviors By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 14, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 17, 2019 More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Psychological Effects Therapy Modern Research Influence on Performance Consumer Purchases View All Back To Top Do you feel anxious in a yellow room? Does the color blue make you feel calm and relaxed? Artists and interior designers have long believed that color can dramatically affect moods, feelings, and emotions. Colors, like features, follow the changes of the emotions, the artist Pablo Picasso once remarked.   Color is a powerful communication tool and can be used to signal action, influence mood, and even influence  physiological reactions. Certain colors have been associated with increased blood pressure, increased metabolism, and eyestrain. So how exactly does color work? How is color  believed to impact mood and behavior? Verywell / Joshua Seong What Is Color Psychology? In 1666, English scientist Sir Isaac Newton discovered that when pure white light passes through a prism, it separates into all of the visible colors. Newton also found that each color is made up of a single wavelength and cannot be separated any further into other colors. Further experiments demonstrated that light could be combined to form other colors. For example, red light mixed with yellow light creates an  orange color. Some colors, such as green  and magenta, cancel each other out when mixed and result in a white light. If you have ever painted, then you have probably noticed how certain colors can be mixed to create other colors.   Given the prevalence of color, one would expect color psychology to be a well-developed area,  researchers Andrew Elliot and Markus Maier have noted. Surprisingly, little theoretical or empirical work has been conducted to date on colors influence on psychological functioning,?? and the work that has been done has been driven mostly by practical concerns, not scientific rigor. Despite the general lack of research in this area, the concept of color psychology has become a hot topic in marketing, art, design, and other areas. Much of the evidence in this emerging area is anecdotal at best, but researchers and experts have made a few important discoveries and observations about the psychology of color and the effect it has on moods, feelings, and behaviors. Your feelings about color are often deeply personal and rooted in your own experience or culture. For example, while the color white is used in many Western countries to represent purity and innocence, it is seen as a symbol of mourning in many Eastern countries. The Psychological Effects of Color Why is color such a powerful force in our lives? What effects can it have on our bodies and minds? While perceptions of color are somewhat subjective, there are some color effects that have universal meaning. Colors in the red area of the color spectrum are known as warm colors and include red, orange, and yellow. These warm colors evoke emotions ranging from feelings of warmth and comfort to feelings of anger and hostility. Colors on the blue side of the spectrum are known as cool colors and include blue, purple, and green. These colors are often described as calm, but can also call to mind feelings of sadness or indifference. How do people respond to different colors? Select  a color below to learn more about the possible effects and find reactions from other readers: Black  White  Red  Blue  Green  Yellow  Purple  Brown  Orange  Pink Color Psychology as Therapy Several ancient cultures, including the Egyptians and Chinese, practiced chromotherapy, or the use of colors to heal. Chromotherapy is sometimes referred to as light therapy or colorology and is still used today as a holistic or alternative treatment.?? In this treatment: Red was used to stimulate the body and mind and to increase circulation.Yellow was thought to stimulate the nerves and purify the body.Orange was used to heal the lungs and to increase energy levels.Blue was believed to soothe illnesses and treat pain.Indigo shades were thought to alleviate skin problems. Modern Research on Color Psychology Most psychologists view color therapy with skepticism and point out that the supposed effects of color are often grossly exaggerated. Colors also have different meanings in different cultures. Research has demonstrated in many cases that the mood-altering effects of color may only be temporary. A blue room may initially cause feelings of calm, but the effect dissipates after a short period of time. However, existing research has found that color can impact people in a variety of surprising ways: One study found that warm-colored placebo pills were reported as more effective than cool-colored placebo pills.Anecdotal evidence has suggested that installing blue-colored streetlights can lead to reduced crime in those areas.More recently, researchers discovered that the color red causes people to react with greater speed and force, something that might prove useful during athletic activities.??A study that looked at historical data found that sports teams dressed in mostly black uniforms are more likely to receive penalties and that students were more likely to associate negative qualities with a player wearing a black uniform. Color Can Influence Performance Studies have also shown that certain colors can have an impact on performance. No one likes to see a graded test covered in red ink, but one study found that seeing the color red before taking an exam actually hurt test performance.?? While the color red is often described as threatening, arousing or exciting, many previous studies on the impact of the color red have been largely inconclusive. The study found, however, that exposing students to the color red prior to an exam has been shown to have a negative impact on test performance. In the first of the six experiments described in the study, 71 U.S. colleges students were presented with a participant number colored either red, green or black prior to taking a five-minute test. The results revealed that students who were presented with the red number before taking the test scored more than 20 percent lower than those presented with the green and black numbers. Color and Consumer Purchases Color psychology suggests that various shades can have a wide range of effects, from boosting our moods to causing anxiety.  But could the color of the products you purchase ever say something about your personality? For example, could the color of the car you buy somehow relate to some underlying personality traits or quirks? Your color preferences why buying items might say something about the type of image you may be trying to project. Color preferences, from the clothes you wear to the car you drive, can sometimes make a statement about how we want other people to perceive us. Other factors such as age and gender can also influence the color choices we make. White: As many of our readers have suggested, the color white can feel fresh and clean. The color is often used to evoke a sense of youth and modernity.  Black: Our readers often describe black as a powerful color, which might be the reason why black is the most popular color for luxury vehicles. People often describe the color as sexy, powerful, mysterious, and even ominous.Silver: Its the third most popular color for vehicles and linked to a sense of innovation and modernity. High tech products are often silver, so the color is often linked to things that are new, modern, and cutting-edge.Red: Dreaming of a red vehicle? Red is a bold, attention-getting color, so preferring this type of car might mean you want to project an image of power, action, and confidence.Blue: People often describe blue as the color of stability and safety. Driving a blue car or SUV might indicate that you are dependable and trustworthy.Yellow: According to the experts, driving a yellow vehicle might mean th at you are a happy person in general and perhaps a bit more willing than the average person to take risks.Gray: The experts suggest that people who drive gray cars dont want to stand out and instead prefer something a bit more subtle. Of course, the color selections we make are often influenced by factors including price, selection, and other practical concerns. Not only that, but color preferences can also change in time.?? A person might prefer brighter, more attention-getting colors when they are younger, but find themselves drawn to more traditional colors as they grow older. The personality of the buyer can play an important role in color selection, but buyers are often heavily influenced by factors such as price as well as availability. For example, purchasing a white vehicle might be less about wanting people to think that you are young and modern and more about the climate you live in; people who live in hot climates typically prefer light-colored vehicles over dark ones. Additional Research Is Still Needed Interest in the subject of color psychology is growing, but there remain a number of unanswered questions. How do color associations develop? How powerful is the influence of these associations on real-world behavior? Can color be used to increase worker productivity or workplace safety? What colors have an impact on consumer behavior? Do certain personality types prefer certain colors? As researchers continue to explore such questions, we may soon learn more about the impact that color has on human psychology. Zena OConnor, a faculty member in the Department of Architecture, Design, and Planning at the University of Sydney, suggests that people should be wary of many of the claims they see about the psychology of color. Many of these claims lack substantiation in terms of empirical support, exhibit fundamental flaws (such as causal oversimplification and subjective validation), and may include factoids presented as facts, OConnor explains. In addition, such claims often refer to outdated research without referring to current research findings. A Word From Verywell Color can play an important role in conveying information, creating certain moods, and even influencing the decisions people make. Color preferences also exert an influence on the objects people choose to purchase, the clothes they wear, and the way they adorn their environments. People often select objects in colors that evoke certain moods or feelings, such as selecting a car color that seems sporty, futuristic, sleek, or trustworthy. Room colors can also be used to evoke specific moods, such as painting a bedroom a soft green to create a peaceful mood. So whats the bottom line? Experts have found that while color can have an influence on how we feel and act, these effects are subject to personal, cultural, and situational factors. More scientific research is needed to gain a better understanding of color psychology.

Organisational Behaviour - 1534 Words

â€Å"The study of the structure, functioning and performance of organisations, and the behaviour of groups and individuals within them† Derek Pugh’s (1971) This influential definition of organisational behaviour was by Derek Pugh in 1971. Human behaviour is the way people act and react to situations and circumstances, each individual is different, therefore it is essential for an organisation to study human behaviour in order to understand the workforce. By observing and understanding each individual the organisation would improve performance; organisational behaviour can be considered as the key area of management. Organisations study organisational behaviour within by; investigating individuals, social perception, attitudes and†¦show more content†¦Organisations when recruiting ask questions that provide a better insight into candidates’ personalities in order to select the best candidate for the vacant job, this is very important in the recruiting process because if the chosen candidate’s personality does not suit the given job, the organisation will not get a 100% commitment from the person when recruited, the reason organisations spend a great deal of time, money and effort in the recruitment process to avoid all their efforts going in vain. This could be argued against as one of the contemporary issues with organisational behaviour is regarding the recession. Organisations need to reduce costs on employee wellbeing. Abraham Harold Maslow the famous psychologist changed the whole prospect of psychology leaving a profound impression on society and business through his great theories. Maslow understood human nature, motivation and self-actualisation better than anyone else in his time; he introduced his theory on human needs in a hierarchy with five levels in 1943. Organisations need to acknowledge and make use of Maslow’s work and only then can they successfully motivate employees to work more than their required potential as a result a thriving business. By identifying and acknowledging these levels, we can be motivated to maintain and/or exceed a level to reach self-actualisation therefore to beShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Behaviour What Is Organisational Behaviour?1166 Words   |  5 PagesORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR What is organisational behaviour? The study of human behaviour, attitudes and performance within an organisational setting; drawing on theory, methods and principles from such disciplines as psychology, sociology and cultural anthropology to learn about individual, groups and processes. Three different OB perspectives Macro-perspective; the big picture Micro-perspective; the smaller units Meso-perspective; integration and movement between macro and micros Three levelsRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour1292 Words   |  6 PagesOrganisation Behaviour is a study of a people, individuals and a group of peoples thinking, feeling and behaviour in a organisation. That is, it interprets people-organisation relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organisation, and while social system ï ¼Ë†Nwlink.com, 2008). Because most of us work in organisations, learning organisational behaviour is able to help us understand, predict and influence the behavious of others in organisational setting, and trends in organisationalRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour1989 Words   |  8 PagesCognitive Intelligence (CI) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) are considered to be important individual differences in the field of organisational behaviour and there is a lot of research to support this statement. This essay will critically evaluate both concepts and discuss how cognitive ability and EI are applied in modern organisations. It is clear tha t CI and EI both have very different roles in the modern organisation and they assist in the prediction of success in both personal and professionalRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour4208 Words   |  17 PagesUnit 3: Organisations and Behaviour Assignment 1 An organisation is defined as a clearly bounded group (or groups) of people interacting together to achieve a particular goal in a formally structured and co-coordinated way. A hierarchy organisation is when employees are ranked at various levels within the organisation, each level is one above the other. A tall hierarchical organisation has many levels and a flat hierarchical organisation will only have a few. Flat Hierarchy http://limkokwingmbaRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour2798 Words   |  12 PagesThe organisational organ known as the team is becoming more and more apparent in todays dynamic business world. Increasingly managers are searching for a means to improve production and keep their organisation competitive in the global market. A lot of these managers have turned to the team as a means for achieving this improvement. Quality circles were looked at to fulfil this role. However, this form of team is being phased out and may have posed as incubator for the current trend; self - managedRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour1542 Words   |  7 PagesThere are four theoretical approaches of organizational behaviours which are classical, systems, human relations and contingency approaches that used in management but not certain to use just one approach in a company. It is because every company has different circumstances during various periods. But management have to understand about the main featur es of each approach to make the best decision. Classical Approach Firstly, classical approach emphasis on the planning of the work, the technicalRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour6289 Words   |  26 Pages1.0 Introduction The aim of this report is to analyse two companies who have significantly different organisational structures. It will analyse the relationship between an organisations structure and culture and the effects on the business performance. Also the factors which influence an individual’s behaviour at work will be looked into. The two companies that will be focused on are: 1.1 British Telecom (BT) BT is a leading communications solutions provider serving customers throughout theRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour1757 Words   |  8 PagesINDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT THE MANAGERS JOB IN CONTEXT COURSE TITLE: ORGANISATIONS: BEHAVIOUR, STRUCTURE, PROCESSES PRESENTATION DATE: 06 / 05 / 2012 Table Of Contents: i) Abstract ii) Introduction iii) Job Responsibilities: Bank Manager iv) Key Personnel Description and Relationships a) Organization b) Tellers / Personal Bankers c) Customers - Existing / Potential d) Specialist Managers / RelationshipRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour1757 Words   |  8 PagesINDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT THE MANAGERS JOB IN CONTEXT COURSE TITLE: ORGANISATIONS: BEHAVIOUR, STRUCTURE, PROCESSES PRESENTATION DATE: 06 / 05 / 2012 Table Of Contents: i) Abstract ii) Introduction iii) Job Responsibilities: Bank Manager iv) Key Personnel Description and Relationships a) Organization b) Tellers / Personal Bankers c) Customers - Existing / Potential d) Specialist Managers / Relationship Managers e) Summary v) Diagram: Branch StructureRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour4667 Words   |  19 PagesOrganizational Behavior Stimulating Forces To Differentiate Planned From Unplanned Change Apple‟s soon to be legacy... Page 1 Organizational Behavior Table Of Content Introduction page 3 Company Background Operational Definition page 4 Current Scenario page 5 Apple and Steve Jobs Current Position of Apple Smartphone Industry Trends page 6 Force Field Analysis page 7 Kurt Lewin‟s Model page 8 Criticism of Lewin‟s 3-Step Model page 12 Conclusion

Why You Shouldnt Cut Nicotine Patches

If youve ever tried the patch to help stop smoking or get nicotine for another reason, youll see warnings on the box, in the literature, and on the patch package warning you not to cut the patch. There isnt any explanation why, so you may wonder why there are so many warnings. Is it just a ploy by pharmaceutical companies to make more money? No. It turns out there is a good reason why you shouldnt cut the patch. Heres the explanation.   Why Not Cut the Patch? The reason you shouldnt cut the patch is because it alters the time-release of nicotine due to the way the patch is constructed. In 1984,  Jed E. Rose, Ph.D., Murray E. Jarvik, M.D., Ph.D. and K. Daniel Rose conducted a study showing the transdermal nicotine patch reduced cigarette cravings in smokers. Two patents were filed for patches: one in 1985 by  Frank Etscorn and another in 1988 by Rose, Murray, and Rose with  The University of California. Etcsorns patent described a backing layer with a reservoir of liquid nicotine and a pad that controlled the release of the nicotine into the skin. A porous adhesive layer holds the patch against the skin and helps prevent moisture from washing away the ingredients. The University of California patent described a similar product. While the courts dealt with who got patent rights and who got discovery rights, the end result was the same: cutting a patch would expose the layer containing the nicotine, allowing it to leak through the cut edge. If you cut a patch, no visible liquid will flow out, but the dosage rate will no longer be controlled. A higher dose of nicotine will be delivered early when using the cut parts of the patch. Also, if the unused portion of the patch doesnt remain on its backing, its likely additional nicotine may migrate to the surface (or might be lost to the environment) before it is applied. Pharmaceutical companies dont want users of their product to get sick or die, so they print a warning, The bottom line is that you could potentially overdose on nicotine or poison yourself using a cut patch. Safer Alternative to Cutting the Patch One way to make a patch last longer is to save the backing that came with the patch, remove it before sleeping (which many people do anyway since nicotine can affect sleep and dreaming), return it to the backing, and reapply it the next day. There is not a lot of formal research about how much nicotine might be lost this way, but you wont run the health risk of leaking nicotine. Cutting the Patch Anyway If you decide to go ahead and cut a high dose patch to save money, there are a couple of methods suggested for sealing the cut edge of the patch to prevent overdose. One method is to seal the cut edge of the patch using heat, like with heated scissors or a hot blade. Its unknown whether this actually works. Another method, supposedly suggested by a pharmacist, is to seal the cut edge using tape so extra nicotine wont reach the skin. The cut portion of the unused portion of the patch should also be sealed and the patch should be kept on its backing until use. However, talk to your own pharmacist or doctor before trying either method or experimenting on your own. References Rose, J. E.; Jarvik, M. E.; Rose, K. D. (1984). Transdermal administration of nicotine. Drug and alcohol dependence 13 (3): 209–213.Rose, J. E.; Herskovic, J. E.; Trilling, Y.; Jarvik, M. E. (1985). Transdermal nicotine reduces cigarette craving and nicotine preference. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 38 (4): 450–456.

A Microfinance MIS Free Essays

Mifos is an internet based management information system designed for microfinance. The system is user friendly and flexible for the company and it’s client information. Mifos is a unique system that provides tools which allows the user to research client’s information. We will write a custom essay sample on A Microfinance MIS or any similar topic only for you Order Now This information used for this system would research information such as payments, client personal information for their accounts, reports and much more. The system helps the user navigate to different accounts and provides details of an individual client. There are several tabs the user can navigate to with the system. The first tab is the home tab which allows the user to search for the client’s information by name or groups. The second tab is clients and accounts tab to give full detail of the client’s information. In this tab the user can assist the client with opening accounts, closing and reviewing the client’s information and questions the client may have. The third tab is the report tab; this tab is used to process operational and financial reports. The last tab is the Administrative tab which is only used by a designated office administrator to create new system users and find office products. These tabs are provided to make sure information can be accessed and the side tabs are in place help the user navigate through the system without problems. The Mifos system is for IT skilled users and designed for financing purposes only. How to cite A Microfinance MIS, Essay examples

English Language in Terms of Etymology

Question: Discuss about the English Language in Terms of Etymology. Answer: Introduction The etymology of names refers to the study of the origin and literal meaning of names (Berlitz, n.d.). It is the study of the history and origin of words. Notably, new words enter the language on a daily basis and they stop to be used. Some of the main sources of new words are word creation or neologism, acronyms, derivation, eponyms, compounding, inheritance, shortening, blending, and borrowing. Etymologists usually apply the techniques of comparative linguistics to reconstruct information about languages that are too ancient for any direct information to be available. In the area of higher learning such as physical sciences, life sciences, social sciences, medicine and law, English has usually borrowed words from other languages to get new words to cover new ideas, new material, or abstract occurrence. The language has also borrowed mainly from Greek, French, and Latin (Barnhart, 1995). In this paper, we are going to look at the history of both the English language and the Tamil la nguage, where comparisons will be made. History Tamil is a Dravidian language which is predominantly spoken by the Tamil communities of Sri Lanka, india, and the Tamil diaspora constituting Burghers, Chindians, and Tamil Lankan Moors (Bodmer, n.d.). Tamil is used as one of the languages of education in Malaysia along with the English language, Mandarin, and Malay. It is also considered to be one of the longest surviving classical languages in the world. The closest key relative of Tamil is Malayalam. These two languages began diverging around the 9th Century CE and even though many of the distinctions between Malayalam and Tamil indicate a prehistoric division of the western dialect, the process of division into a distinct language, Malayalam, was not finished until the 14th Century (Asimov, n.d.). Similar to any existing language, Tamil has evolved too. As is spoken and written today, Tamil language is quite distinct from what it originally was. The fact that logical classification of society and habitats in a systematic manner were recorded at a very early age in the grammatical treatise Tolkappiyam, is an indication of the organized way in which the Tamil language has evolved. This is a textbook on Tamil grammar providing the inflection of syntax of sentences and words, and is also categorized into three main chapters namely etymology, orthography, and subject matter or Porul (Ayers, n.d.). The 300 years after the Sangam era witnessed an increase in the shared interaction of Tamil and Sanskrit, various words and ideas relating to religion, philosophy, and ethics were equally exchanged and borrowed between the languages. On the other hand, English is a West Germanic language that has its origins from Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to the United Kingdom in the course of the 5th and 7th Centuries (Baugh, n.d.). The closest living relatives of English are Frisian and Scots. Frisian is a language that is spoken by an estimated half a million individuals in the Dutch province of Friesland, in neighboring regions of Germany and on a few islands in the North Sea (Berlitz, n.d.). Over the years, the English language has greatly been influenced by various other languages. Notably, before the Saxons, the language spoken in what is now England was a combination of many Celtic languages and Latin which were spoken before the Romans settled in England between 54BC and 5BC. Many of the words passed on from this period are those coined by Roman soldiers and merchants such as win (wine), belt (belt), weall (wall), and candel (candle) (Barnhart, 1995). The ancient Germanic language evolved into three main parts namely North Germanic, East Germanic, and West Germanic. While the East Germanic languages have disappeared, the northern ones exist today as Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic and Swedish (Bodmer, n.d.). The West Germanic languages exist today as Dutch and their variants, German, and English. Notably, modern English framer is very distinct from modern German grammar. This is because initially, it was transformed by Norse-speaking invaders in the 9th and 10th Centuries, then by Norman-French speaking invaders in the 11th Century, then by researchers and antiquarians in the 16th and 17th Centuries, and finally by the Internet, globalization, and new ideas of power in the 20th Century (Asimov, n.d.). Comparison There exist English words that have been borrowed ultimately or directly from Dravidian languages constituting Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada (Ayers, n.d.). The words have also been borrowed from various other languages spoken mainly in South Asia. Although some of the words can be traced to particular languages, others tend to have uncertain or disputed origins. Three origins of words that will be compared between the two languages are candy, congree, and godown. The word Godown which is also synonym to warehouse is English from Malay which may have been borrowed from Telugu, angi, or Tamil ki-anku (Baugh, n.d.). This word is a common term in various parts of India and was often utilized in 19th Century Hong Kong. Congee which means rice porridge or water with rice in English has an uncertain origin. However, it is assumed to be from Tamil, Kannada or Telugu. The earliest reference to congee that was found dates back to the Han Dynasty and further back to about 1,000 BC. In other Asian cultures, congee is also referred to as kanji. On the other hand, Candy which is crystallized sugar or confection made from sugar is a Dravidian word which stems from the Sanskrit root word Khanda (Berlitz, n.d.). This is a relatively novel word in the way it is used today. The word has its origins from Proto-Dravidian words Kantu meaning sweet, and Kattu meaning lump and harden (Barnhart, 1995). Notably, the word Candy found its way into the English language in the course of the 15th Century. Additionally, sugar candy was borrowed from the French and Italian from the Arabic word sukkar quandi. Sukkar originated from the Sanskrit word Sarkara meaning granular particles, gravel, or grit but also came to mean crystalline sugar (Bodmer, n.d.). Conclusion The answers to questions such as why there are so many distinct languages lie in the study of etymology which is concerned with the origins of words and how the spellings, sounds, and meanings have evolved over time. References Asimov, I. (n.d.). Words from the myths. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Ayers, D.M. (n.d.). English words from Latin and Greek elements. 2nd Edition. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press. Barnhart, R.J. (1995). Dictionary of etymology: The origins of American English words. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. Baugh, A.C.A. (n.d.). A history of the English language. 2nd Edition. London: Routledge. Berlitz, C. (n.d.). Native tongues. New York: Grosset Dunlap Publishers. Bodmer, F. (n.d.). The loom of language. New York: W.W. Norton Company, Inc.

To Paint a Water Lily free essay sample

In the poem To Paint a Water Lily, there is surprisingly little written about the lily itself. The poet focuses more on the surroundings of the lily. He may be telling the artist how to paint a lily, but he believes that the key to mastering the painting lies within realizing the lilys true beauty and understanding the world it lives In. The true beauty of the water lily is that despite the chaos surrounding It, It rests unmoved and still as a painting on the ponds surface. The speaker believes that the artist gust realize this before he can adequately paint the lily. The artist must take In the environment, the good and the bad, before understanding how truly magnificent the still water Lily Is. The water Lily roofs the ponds chamber and paves the flies furious arena. Yet theres the lily, stuck between two worlds. We will write a custom essay sample on To Paint a Water Lily or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The writer uses Dalton to depict the Lilys surroundings as dangerous. The dragonfly bullets by and there are other creatures with Jaws for heads that crawl In the darkness.The author Is definitely setting a tone using this imagery. Only once the Luvs surroundings are taken In can the true beauty of the lily be revealed to the artist. Even amongst all of the creatures and madness, there sits the water lily, trembling hardly at all. The poet knows that theres both an ugly and a beautiful side to nature and he wants this to be known to the artist. Once the artist realizes all of this he can finally begin to paint. Now paint the long-necked lily-flower.

The Great Gatsby

The Great Gatsby Abstract The great Gatsby is one of the oldest novels having been written in 1925. From the novel, it is evident that it was written in the days when the society was by far patriarchal. By exploring how much men had dominated the society which led to women discrimination; the novel will help us understand the concept of feminist critique.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Feminist critique is an aspect that seeks to explore the extent of men domination in the social, economic, and political sectors. It seeks to expose how much women have been discriminated in the society through study of literature. This essay will apply the concept of feminist critique with reference to the Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald to expose some of the aspects of patriarchal society as revealed in the novel. The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby starts by bringing in a male charact er, Nick Carraway, as the narrator. First, the narrator is just from the First World War and seeks to settle and takes a job in New York. In search for wealth and happiness, he rents a bungalow in West Egg next to a generous and mysterious bachelor Jay Gatsby, who owned a mansion. Nick describes the mansion as â€Å"a colossal affair by any standard- it is an imitation of some hotel de villa in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool, and more than forty acres of lawn and garden† (Fitzgerald 1). The introduction brings out an aspect of male occupying the greater portion of wealth. These two men were relatively young and yet so rich to own such property at their age. The mentioned women, Daisy, Jordan and Myrtle are just an attachment to the men in the society since they all at some level depict an aspect of lack of independence since men dominate their every aspect of life. Socially, men seem to dominate in th e relationships. Tom’s financial power sets him way ahead that he can afford to have an affair outside marriage. This he does openly as he invites Nick, Daisy’s cousin to meet his mistress Myrtle Wilson. Nick’s reflection on the relationship between Tom and Daisy, Tom and Myrtle show a break of social norms. Tom’s relationship with the two women is abusive and of so much control. He abuses Myrtle publicly in the name of making her straight by even beating her. Tom comes out as a man who has so much power to bully everybody, including Myrtle’s husband Wilson, he also has so much control in Daisy his wife.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Normally, one will expect that Nick being a cousin to Daisy will resist seeing their close relatives get involved in extra-marital affairs. Nick being a man supports other men, Tom and Gatsby in the ir moves. After knowing that Gatsby had been in love with Daisy before she got married, he allows a reconnection to happen in his own house despite the fact that Gatsby’s credibility was still in question to him. His admiration of Gatsby in having â€Å"an extra ordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness he had never found in any other person and which it was not likely he could ever find again† (Fitzgerald 1) overpowered his questions on Gatsby’s character and that of his company. This shows that men dominance was key since women were to follow what the men wanted them to, not their choices. The novel was written in a time when men could batter women if dissatisfied by their actions. In the meeting with Myrtle, when an argument ensued between Tom and the mistress, Tom broke her nose in the name of shutting her up. The whole thing looks normal and even when George complains to him, he is not moved by his cry. Tom is the dominant character in the novel. He hara sses people starting with his wife, his mistress, George and even Gatsby. Tom is seen doing the same thing Gatsby does; dating a married woman, but he has the guts to confront him on his affair with Daisy. When Myrtle died, he fires a battle between Gatsby and George by convincing him that Gatsby had an affair with Myrtle. George kills Gatsby before killing himself as a sign of revenge. The revenge was purely egotistic to reclaim his position as Myrtle’s husband since his status as a man on top of the relationship had been invalid. This leaves a mark in moral decadency, which only happens in a patriarchal society that cannot be controlled by any other voice than the male voice. The novel has so much influence geographically and culturally due to the approach used and the structure itself. Tom Buchanan’s treatment of his wife and mistress and Gatsby manipulation of Daisy, Tom’s wife brings out the aspect of male domination. The male has a dominant part in the exp loitation of power in the relationships, and marital status is nothing of a worry when one wants to pursue their mistresses. Men in the text have idolized women, and they justify their reasons for exploitation of women.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, Gatsby’s life is made true by the fact that he managed to have a relationship with a lady he had loved before. He does everything to get her, which include him â€Å"buying a house in West Egg just so that Daisy would be just across the bay† (Fitzgerald 1). This was a key sport in being strategic in his plans. Tom, on the other hand, uses his physical and financial powers to prove that he is in control. He and Gatsby set social structures that attract women to them. However, Nick the narrator was not able to relate with the unpredictable and manipulative Jordan Baker. Jordan Baker’s cha racter of believing that she could do as much as a man could do, scared him away. She is unlike Daisy, who chose to stay with Tom, despite the fact that she was in the relationship for financial gains. She is described by Gatsby as one with â€Å"voice is full of money† (Fitzgerald 1). For Jordan’s belief in herself, Nick later blames his failure to cope with her on her partying, smoking and drinking character without really revealing that he had the same character of being pragmatic. Women in those days had been accustomed to so much submission; an example is in Daisy’s character. She has a complacent kind of a character that makes it difficult to make her own individual decisions. She exhibits incapacity to have an independent sense of self-will that Gatsby takes advantage of to win her by flattering her with words like â€Å"You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock† (Fitzgerald 1). The fact that she had a relationship before with Gatsby was enough to lead her in deciding to have an affair with him. Myrtle also falls in the same category as Daisy as she engages in a relationship with another woman’s husband just because they met and liked each other. This aspect manages to bring out a clear definition of gender roles and identity in the earlier days when the novel was written. Men ask, and women respond without looking at what could be affected in their decisions. Conclusion The novel brings out an aspect of both genders reclaiming their positions in the society in terms of gender relations. Though the male has dominated, and the female has proven to be dependent on men, they both have a need within themselves to redefine themselves having become victims of social norms.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The male gender has dominated in economic and social part of the society making sure that women are subjects to the male exercise of power. This has been shown clearly by women getting trapped in the manipulation set by men hence making it hard for them to stand by their choices. Their gender nature dictates the character choice in the male-dominated world. The male exercise their power over female by ensuring that they remain the sole financial sources, and the women exercise their dependence by remaining in their marriages despite their involvement in affairs outside marriage. Though there are men like George, who have lost their position, they still exhibit their ego through defending their marriages. Work Cited Fitzgerald, Scott. The Great Gatsby. University of Adelaide, 2005. Web. https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/f/fitzgerald/f_scott/gatsby/index.html.

Valuation Under SFAS 141R Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Valuation Under SFAS 141R - Term Paper Example Any goodwill forthcoming from the merger or acquisition is examined and appraised under SFAR 142, in regards to its fair value. The whole context was aimed at adding more items to what constitutes a business when the acquisition or a merger is undertaken. The acquisition method is still followed as before, but more items are included here as well as different ways of ascertaining the fair value of assets and liabilities, which are acquired. The SFAR 141 principle of measuring goodwill requires the full goodwill approach reporting by the acquiring firm. This is explained as full measure i.e. 100% of both identifiable assets and liabilities and any non-controlling interest in the acquired firm, to be reported by the acquiring firm. Inadvertently, goodwill still stands as the salvage of the fair value of the business consideration exchange during the acquisition or merger, over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities undertaken. Goodwill is thus spread over both the contro lling and non-controlling interests by the acquiring firm in the new rule. The rules under the new section of SFAR 141 require that companies should report retrospectively. This means that the acquiring company has to recast prior business periods to reflect the correct valuations in their books. Under the new rules, bargain purchase i.e. any occurrence of negative goodwill needs to be counterchecked before any entries are made. Previously, this negative goodwill was spread over the noncurrent assets, but the rule now states that it should be recognized as a gain over how much the fair value of assets and liabilities exceed the consideration exchange, and not as an extraordinary item. The consideration exchange during any combination is recognized on the acquisition date and not on the transaction announcement date, under the new rule. Any acquisition related costs e.g. legal fees, consultancy fees et cetera, are not included in the purchase price as the previous case. The items to be included here are cash, stock, contingent payments e.g. earn outs, and any assets transferred and liabilities assumed. Acquisition costs are expensed as they are incurred. Contingent liabilities are recorded at their fair values. This is determined on the acquisition date as the higher of the fair value amount or that amount determined under the existing guidance for nonacquired contingencies. This is unlike the old method that added the contingent considerations to the goodwill. When the valuation is made i.e. market to market to determine the fair value and subsequently paid in cash, the reporting is done in the income statement (Eric, 2008). Any in-process research and development (IPR&D) is capitalized at fair value as an intangible asset until completion or abandonment. This is irregardless to the previous rule that only recognized items that were reported in the balance sheet. These IPR&D are then written off if there is no future value for them by the acquirer on combinati on. However, on continued use, abandonment calls for a write off in the acquirer’s book and an amortization of the assets over the expected useful lives on completion of the project. Any other assets that are acquired with no intentions of using them i.e. defensive items are reported at the fair value by the acquiring firm. Valuation allowances are reported, in the new rule, on any assets acquired

The difference between management and leadership Essay

The difference between management and leadership - Essay Example There is, in fact, a great deal of difference between leadership and management but the best way to differentiate one from another is their basic purpose in an organization. Management is a function—encompassing directing people and controlling resources, implementing and enacting various operations in accordance with the established values—that every organization must exercise. For instance, the manager from my previous workplace exhibited an excellent job in managing the team. He had a comprehensive grasp of the company’s values and principles, and thus he knew exactly how to handle the people and the resources available towards achieving our goals. He told us what to accomplish within a certain timeframe to keep everyone working in line with the company’s goals and objectives. As a manager, he also did good at planning things around the office and facilitating activities which had to be completed. Leadership, on the other hand, is more focused on the re lationship between the leader and his/her people that can motivate them to work hard and strengthen the bonds existing within the organization. In my previous job, I can say that my manager was also a good leader. He was not just there to tell people what and what not to do. He was also there to support us and coach us whenever he felt that some pieces of information and skills were missing.

Malaysia and Ghana: Economy and history

Malaysia and Ghana: Economy and history Decolonization Malaysia and Ghana shared similar economic and historic backgrounds fifty years ago. They are both former British colonies and gained independence from the British Empire in the 1957. After gaining independence both countries began with rich resources and sturdy British political and legal institutions, as well as identical educational systems. Why their development levels diverged so much is a big question. Ghana is among the poorest nations while Malaysia is a fast developing country and part of the middle income group of nations. Why has Ghanas development experience been so different from that of Malaysia since their independence? There is usually no individual factor that can single handedly determine a countrys economic outcome. Factors such as investment in human development, mainly education, the locals entrepreneurship, diversification in the economy and the economic impact of regional countries, all contribute to a countrys economic outcome. But looking at Malaysia and Ghan a from a historical perspective, it seems the main factor in the development difference is political stability. As former colonies, Ghana and Malaysia had British political systems but soon after independence both countries political situations and environment changed considerably. At the beginning Malaysia seemed less hopeful due to internal threats such as tension amongst racial groups; however since it gained its independence in 1957, Malaysia has enjoyed great political stability. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said in the case of Ghana, coups and counter coups have been inflicted on the country since independence. The comparison with Ghana could not be harsher. Nine years after independence in 1966, the first of a series of military coups which dipped the country into two decades of instability transpired. Ghana was the first nation in black Africa to come out of colonial rule. It became independent on March 6, 1957, with Kwame Nkrumah as the first prime minister and on July 1, 1960. Ghana became a republic with Nkrumah winning the presidential election that year making him the first president of Ghana. Merediths book â€Å"the fate of Africa† shows how Ghana embarked on independence as one of the richest tropical countries in the world (26). He describes the country as â€Å"Not only was the country the worlds leading producer of cocoa with huge foreign currency reserves built up during the 50s cocoa boom but it possessed gold, timber and bauxite† (26). This shows the wealth and economic stability the country had when the British handed power over to Nkrumah. Meredith describes Nkrumah in his book as being influenced by socialist ideologies while he was a student in England (18). Shortly after taking over Nkrumah started to lean more toward socialism by calling for greater state participation in the economy. He professed himself as the president for life and his party (Peoples convention party) as the sole political party in the country. The governments greater authority over the economy led to corruption. Nkrumah wanted Ghana to play a commanding role in Africas liberation from colonialism and was a strong supporter of a united African state. A mixture of economic mismanagement, corruption and rising inflation due in part to Nkrumah being a devotee of revolutionary movements and spending a lot of Ghanas resources and money on this â€Å"Pan-African cause† (he believed he could lead Africa to the creation of a United States of Africa). This led to a draining of the countrys foreign reserve forcing him to resort to deficit financing and foreign borro wing. The severe financial burdens set off growing opposition to Nkrumah which led to him being overthrown in a coup dà ©tat in 1966. This sprung a number of coups that would burden and oppress Ghana for years to come. Ghana pushed through all types of regimes that were never able to deal successfully with the multitude of problems handed down by Nkrumahs administration. Flt. Lt. Jerry Rawlings led a coup in 1986 which resulted in the fall of the civilian government in power at the time. Rawlingss government was the eighth government in the fifteen years since the fall of Nkrumah. Berry talks about how instability impacted the economy tremendously â€Å"the short terms and the numerous changes of governments in Ghana led to various changes in policies and a total collapse of Ghanas economy (51). Finally after serving for eleven brutal years, Rawlings returned Ghana to democracy by winning an election in 1992. Malaysia on the other hand has had great political stability since independence. After gaining independence from the British many expected Malaysia to do worst that Ghana due in part to Ghanas per capita GPD being slightly higher than Malaysias (World Bank) and also due to the fact that Malaysia had severe racial tensions which were lacking in Ghana at the time. Malaysia is a multiracial country made up of three main races (Chinese, Indian expatriates and native Malays). Right from the beginning it worked hard at resolving its internal tensions by ensuring that there was a racial harmony by creating a dual system of leadership. The countrys political parties are organized along racial lines and thus, Malaysia has three major parties. Under British supervision, the three parties formed an alliance developing a working relationship that has become the symbol of Malaysian politics since. The Malays are usually very educated but poor and were assigned to handle government affairs while t he Chinese and Indians were assigned with dealing with the economy. According to Snodgrass this worked for a while until the Malays complained of not getting their share of the nations riches thus prompting the government to reevaluate this structure and establish a new development policy called National Economic Policy (NEP) (99). The NEP marked a major change in government policy and was a great turning point in the history of the country. Bruton explains how the government began to assume a more active role in the economy, acting as a trustee for Malay economic interests until the individual Malays could take over (298). This initiative allowed the economic gap between ethnic groups to diminish which contributes immensely to the political stability in Malaysia. Economic growth grew during the fourth Prime Minister Dr Mahathir Mohammed reign. He believed that growth should come first before restructuring objectives could be effectively achieved. He realized that failure to reduce economic unevenness in a diverse society like Malaysia can lead to conditions that easily and regularly hinder any economic progress achieved (Mohammed). He also realized the importance of political stability and said â€Å"political stability is really important†¦ without it there can be no economic development† (Mohammed). The BBC described him as â€Å"well qualified to talk on this subject†¦ since he held power for an unbroken 20years†. With his inherited political stability and long reign, he was able to push the country into a higher growth path through taking advantage of regional booming economies such as Japans. He created an export led industrialization route, turning the country into an export based economy and making the private s ector the driving force of economic progress. This made it easier to attract foreign investors doing business in neighboring countries who wanted in on this huge and expanding market potential. Surrounding countries high economy helped a great deal. If countries around you do well there is a high possibility that you will do well too. Creffield describes Malaysias geographical position as blessed â€Å"being vitally located in a vibrant economic region, Malaysia has gained from economic powers such as Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong (Creffield, 194). This is definitely an advantage it had over Ghana. A history of instability (the frequent interference of the military in government affairs in the past and the coup mentality) has done little to help in attracting the foreign investors that the country requires to boost its economy. The former UN Secretary of General, who is also a Ghanaian expressed his concern at a UN conference on trade and development stating â€Å"the image problem is the tendency of investors to lump all African countries together as a conflict zone† (UNCTAD, 1). Most of the time investors look at the political risks of a target country as well as those of the region in which the target country is located. This has unfortunately led to investors putting the whole region into a â€Å"war torn category†. Annan mentioned the image problem because most people think conflicts exist across the whole continent investors or not; in truth conflict exist only in some African countries. This shows that, in addition to Ghanas political instabilities drifting the country into an economic disaster, its geographical position to high risk countries contributed greatly. Ghana is surrounded by the former French colonies of Cote dIvoire (Ivory Coast) to the west, Togo to the east, Burkina Faso to the north and the beautiful Ocean to the south. The absence of cooperation and the often hostile relations between the former British and French colonies during the early years after independence didnt create a fruitful investment and commercial environment for all the West African nations. The recent conflicts in high political risk countries such as Liberia, Ivory Coast and Sierra Leone undermines the regions economic performance, especially Ghanas since its had a democratic political stability for 17 years now. In addition, there is no regional economic power in western African region that could positively and greatly impact surrounding nations. For countries in the African continent to make it, there has to be an efficient way to settle regional conflicts quickly and peacefully without resort to the usual dragged on armed and brutal conflicts which definitely undermines the appeal for investors. As discussed above, Malaysias gain from its neighbors flourishing economies shows it is in the best interests of regional countries to effectively cooperate with one another to stimulate the economic development of the region and create an appealing market. According to Pill et al†¦, Malaysia has today an income 13 times that of Ghana and according to the BBC â€Å"today, Ghanaians get by on an average of about $300 per year, while Malaysians earn over $3,000. Ghana is still exporting raw products like cocoa and gold, Malaysia makes its own cars and boasts skyscrapers that rival anything in New York or London†. It talks about how â€Å"The development of one product palm oil tells part of the story† (BBC). Ghana grows and processes palm oil to make oil and cooking oil. Malaysia imported its first palm oil from Ghana. They managed to improve its cultivation process thus turning the country into the largest palm oil producer in the world and developing chemicals such as bio diesel for industries and food addictives from the raw nuts. But Malaysia has enjoyed this economic growth at the expense of given up some rights like freedom of press. DR Mohammed once said â€Å"democracy is the right to change government throug h the ballot box Freedom to destabilize the country is not something that we consider as a part of democracy. But when ask why he held power for 20years he furiously said â€Å"That, too, is democratic, because that is the will of the people. So it seems Ghana has something that Malaysia lack -real democracy and freedom of the press but many Ghanaians say â€Å"you cant eat or feed your family with democracy† you need a good economy to be able to do all that. Colonized nations fought for independence as they felt colonialists violated their right to be free. They wanted freedom to improve their human and material well being. Its been fifty two years since Ghana and Malaysia gained their independence from the British. In spite of Malaysias internal tensions being on a larger scale than Ghanas especially since theirs was across racial lines and not merely ethnic lines, they managed to overcome it and use it to their advantage after gaining independence. After Ghana gained its independence there wasnt any significant ethnic tension going on but rather numerous coups disrupted the nation and held it back from developing and enjoying economic growth. After almost forty years of being declared an independent nation, came hope in the form of democracy with the 1992 elections. And its been peaceful and democratic since. Ghana has improved its international standing and has blocked the declines of the past. Its economic reforms and stabilized soci o-political framework provide grounds for optimism about the countrys prospects for attaining sustainable development. So, there is hope for Ghana, it just needs the opportunity to trade its goods in rich country markets to enable it trade its way out of poverty. To achieve this tariffs and quotas should be cut or eliminated on Ghanaian goods by foreign importers. Subsequently, this should boost direct foreign investments in Ghana, particularly in the manufacturing sector. If Malaysia could trade its way out of poverty and into sustained economic growth, Even though Ghana might be geographically disadvantaged, it should be able to do the same. Work cited BBC. â€Å"two countries contrasting tales†. Web. 15 Nov. 2009. Creffield. D. Malaysia . 51- 194. London: Euromoney Publications, 1990. Print Bruton H. J. The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity, and Growth: Sri Lanka and Malaysia 232-298. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Print. Pill. H et al. â€Å"Financial Liberalization in Africa and Asia.† 7-10 Finance and Development Journal, June 1997. Berry L. A Country Study: Ghana. 51. Washington D.C: US Government Printing Office, 1995. Meredith. M. a History of Fifty years of Independence: The fate of Africa. 1st ed. New York: Public affairs, 2005. Print. Mohammed. M. â€Å"Malaysia†: The Way Forward. A paper presented at the Inaugural Meeting of the Malaysian Business Council, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 1991. Snodgrass. D. R. Inequality and Economic Development in Malaysia. 99. Kuala Lumpur. Oxford University Press, 1980. Print. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: Performance and Potential United Nations, Washington and Geneva, 1999. World Bank, World Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998-2000.

Media Portrayal of Women in Sports Essay

The mass media and all its components have always played an essential role in shaping the way society views and thinks about certain issues and events. The type influence, which television shows, radio shows and other mediums of mass media have on their audiences, go widely unchecked by the professionals involved in that field and by society in general. The effects could be damaging and entirely maladaptive and yet only a few organizations and individuals take on the role of serving as the counterchecking department of the products of this industry. One of the many fields into which mass media have dipped their fingers into is the field of sports. What little attention is given to the effects of mass media on society is focused on children’s shows, violence-related topics and religion-based issues. The field of sports has been relatively untouched by those who monitor the mass media. The public has mainly stood by and accepted the information and manner of presentation that mass media has taken with regards to sports. This type of attitude has proven to be increasingly damaging to women in particular. Sports has become a highly gender-based field. Despite efforts to assimilate women into the various games and competitions, it has become increasingly evident, despite the lack of monitoring organizations, that mass media has not gone beyond the days of bias towards women in sports. There are still many issues that need to be addressed in terms of how television, radio, magazines, newspapers, and other such media have come to portray women professionals in the field of sports. How does mass media affect the way their audiences perceive women athletes and other female sports professionals? What steps can be taken to correct wrong practices in this field? This paper aims to answer these questions as well as to specifically understand the way mass media has shown females involved in various sports activities and whether there truly is reason for these women to be concerned. Television Coverage of Women in Sports   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of all the instruments of mass media available today, the television set is perhaps the most successful and most popular. It has invaded the living spaces of almost all homes worldwide and is able to communicate to its audience in much more modalities than that offered by other instruments of mass media. It also allows for coverage of events at the exact moment the said event occurs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Research regarding how women have been portrayed through the medium of television has been much more numerous as opposed to research on portrayal via other mediums. The literature regarding this research has shown that women in sports have been greatly marginalized and stereotyped. The following section will delve deeper into this aspect of mass media coverage in sports.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most encompassing research done on television coverage of women in sports may be that of Higgs & Weiller (1994). They conducted a research to assess gender bias in the television coverage of the 1992 Olympic games. The two researchers found much to disappoint the many women athletes involved in the said games as well as all other women who were just as concerned about women’s rights, equality of the sexes, and politically correct representation of males and females in different fields.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Commentators of the different events in the Olympic games were noted to most commonly use terms such as â€Å"girl† â€Å"babe† and â€Å"sweetheart† to refer to the women competitors whereas none of the male competitors were referred to as â€Å"boy† even when the contestant was obviously of a very young age. Also, strength and weakness descriptions and allusions were clearly gender-biased. Men in swimming were lauded for their strokes whereas female swimmers would receive comments such as â€Å"a powerhouse of a stroke from a 16-year old girl†. There were clearly ways by which the commentators were able to inject their own prejudiced views of the genders of the competitors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There were also findings pointing to the fact that events wherein males competed were aired for longer times than those where females competed. Time differentials were noted for each event and there was a noted significant difference for each. This was applicable for such sports as basketball, volleyball, and the likes. Although individual events such as gymnastics were prone to have more airtime dedicated to women athletes, these were highly edited and sometimes even spliced together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Each broadcast was also done with use of narratives. This was to draw the audience deeper into the mood of the game. However, researchers found that games with men contestants were broadcast with narratives of competition and strength. Women contestants, on the other hand, were often accompanied by emotional narratives pertaining to the athletes aspirations and the achievement of these with their success in the particular event they were entered in. If emotional narratives were not used by the television broadcasters, none at all were provided. It was either emotional or not at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is therefore, a well-known fact that ambivalence in reporting of women’s sports on television exists. There is   a denial of power for women in this particular type of mass media. Although women athletes are equally as capable and equally as competent as their male counterparts, this is not credited by professionals reporting their games. Where women have been noted for their involvement in sports, negative allegations and prejudiced reporting have served to undermine the efforts of these athletes. Radio Coverage of Women in Sports   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Radio coverage of women in sports has also been one of the more devastating instruments of undermining women’s efforts and women participation in various sports activities. The radio set, however, is less of a weapon of the mass media at present than the television set. The radio set does not cater to the visual modality of its audiences and as such may prove less of a weapon. However, it is also advantageous because reporting of the sporting event can occur at the same time that the actual event occurs. This means that up-to-the-minute, live coverage is possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, airing time on the radio set is significantly less for sports events than that on television sets. The large percentage of non-recognition that goes on in television broadcasting of women participation in sports is thus multiplied by great factors on the radio set. Only limited numbers of sports are chosen to be reported and reviewed over the radio and most, if not all, of these are male-dominated sports. Sporting events that are not action-packed, that do not provide the reporter with a message full of strength, adrenaline, and passion are not marketable on the radio waves. And because of the trend and well-established fad of reporting male events and male athletes with narratives involving competition, strength, and passion, these are the events that radio broadcasters and radio networks focus on. Women-dominated sports and women athletes prove to be less of a popular choice of broadcasting for professionals in the radio industry as these gives them, to their perception, with a softer story that is not full of the characteristics they look for in reportable stories and which audiences will not much favor or listen to. Thus the perception that male athletes and male-dominated sporting events will have more popularity than their counterparts. Publication Coverage of Women in Sports   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another instrument used in mass media are magazines and other similar published sources. These cater only to the audiences visual modalities and are not able to give audio feedback. Also, publications such as newspapers and magazines are only able to give a reporting of the event after a period of time has elapsed. It cannot be given during the time the actual event occurs. A processing time for writers, photographers, layout artists, editors, publishers and other personnel involved in the production process is required. Thus newspapers come one day after the events have occurred and magazines are released at particular time intervals within the year – monthly, quarterly, annually, and the like.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A study by Hardin et al (2005) showed that women were often portrayed as sexually different even in sports magazines. Sexually different in sports can mean the portrayal of women as dissimilar. This can be shown through the presentation of sport type in the said magazine or given publication. This could be shown in a manner such that women, who participate in sporting events wherein women are not usually included as competitors, are either excluded or represented as masculine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, it has been seen that certain sporting magazines have been very generous to the female component of sporting activities. However, this balance is only present in magazines that have been produce through the efforts of staff that were consciously aware of the disparity in gender reporting of sports events. These magazines are, more commonly, actively fighting for women’s equality in this field. As such, they are few and not representative in the publishing industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It should be acknowledged, however, that such magazines were launched and that these were successful in their goals. Perhaps this will provide the much needed gender-equality into the field of sports and mass media. Although these types of magazines form the minority in published mass media, they offer hope and raise out a cry of challenge to their colleagues, a cry for gender-equality and female liberation from the marginalization and disempowerment occurring in their field. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The large discrepancies in sports portrayals of women athletes has been seen to be significant in all mediums of mass media specifically that of the television set, the radio set, and published sources. Women have been marginalized, stereotyped, and stripped of power through the way these mass media instruments have been used to represent their participation in sports activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, no matter how anyone looks at it, this type of portrayal is unwarranted and unnecessary. Women have just as much talent, skill and capability as their male counterparts. The efforts they exert in order to actively and competently engage in their given sporting event is equally similar to that which males exert. The strain and stress they undergo during training and during the actual competition are just as nerve-wracking and exhausting as that which male athletes experience. In all respects, female athletes should be considered and hailed as equal to male athletes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, this has not been the case. Mass media, whether through television, radio, or magazines, has proven to be unforgiving and thoughtless in bringing justice to the efforts of women athletes. There is a great need for change and renewal in the way mass media portrays females.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the best first steps towards a better and more fair portrayal of women in sports is by actively disseminating information about the marginalization and disempowerment that is occurring. Most audiences and most reporters are perhaps so tied down to the hegemony of sports and mass media that they are no longer aware when stereotypical remarks are made on air. Knowledge of the fact that sports is for both females and males and that both sexes are equally capable of succeeding in this field must be spread. Without awareness, there is no chance for gender issues to be resolved in this field.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It would, perhaps, also be constructive for organizations and bodies to be set up that would monitor the violations to women’s rights that occur during broadcasting of sporting events. This would help to check the prejudiced actions and comments of those involved in the mass media industry. This would also make other individuals aware that what is currently going on is not acceptable and that there is a growing need for better treatment and appreciation of women athletes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is still much improvement that can be done to the way mass media portray women. Mass media has come to influence the way society thinks in that women themselves have congregated around socially acceptable sports. Only the few who are not afraid of being dubbed masculine are able to compete in the sports where the male sex has dominated. There should be adequate measures taken to ensure that future biased and stereotyped thoughts will no longer exist. Women portrayal in sports still has hope to become much more fair and with this hope comes the assurance thaw women participation in sports will also become less prejudiced and stereotyped. Reference Higgs, C., & Weiller, K. (1994). Gender bias and the 1992 summer Olympic games: an analysis of television coverage. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 18,   234-246 Hardin, M., Lynn, S., Walsdorf, K. (2005). Challenge and conformity on â€Å"contested terrain†: images of women in four women’s sport/fitness magazines. Sex Roles, 53(1), 105-117

Krueler Interview

The first Boer war was from 1880-1881 when the Boers fought England in order to recover their independence they had given up to obtain British help against the Zulus. The second was from 1899-1902 when the Orange Free State and Transvaal declared war on Britain.Pieter Krueler was one of the toughest and bravest soldiers during the war. He was interviewed and revealed the real setting of the war in his own experience which makes the critics point out and reviewed the dilemmas more clear to the minds of the people.The war started between the differences of some learned diplomats and roughhewn nesters and successful millionaires battling for gold and power to rule (Bartleby).Opinions of anti-British, when the discovery of gold in Witwatersrand, many miners or prospectors are interested to get hold of the land. Â  The Boer’s called them threat to their state. After sometime, all mines are transferred to the British’s custody. The Boer government protected the people so the y charged big taxes from Uitlanders, also known as the foreigners even though British don’t really agree to that. The Orange Free State which was the independent Boer state in South Africa formed military troops to protect their independence (Bartleby).The Boer’s protest with regards to their rights was denied. The Boer declared war. Krueler was among those soldiers who fought for the Boers. Since the Boers are highly furnished with more weapons than the British, they had gone victories over the British adjacent to Boer’s territories. The Boers are kind hearted. They treated their prisoners well enough. They even fetched water for them to drink and even get blankets for the prisoners to rest.In the Cape Colony, there were many Boers captured because the British sent well trained reinforcements that lead them to victory. Cronje who was Boer’s leader forced to surrender. It was soon the British totally occupied the Transvaal territory. Roberts, who was the leader of British who led them to victory left the place because of his perception, the war was ended. Unfortunately, it wasn’t over yet and the Boers continue their coordination that lead to Guerilla war. They cut off the communications; attacked military post stations and some captured Boer were escaped by their help (Moritz).The Boers are fighting for their land which many foreigners are eager to find ways of colonizing the land. They are fighting for their independence which many foreigners are taking them away. They are great and brave people fighting for freedom, but they were only few of them. The British were certain enough that they can defend themselves from the Boers; they decided to totally finish the war under the ruling of Kitchener (Weber).The British recognized the kindness of the Boers to their families and their fellowmen; they captured the Boer’s women and children. Kitchener commanded his men to demolish the livestock and crops, farms were being bur ned, and captured women and children into. More women especially the children got sick and there were thousands died during that captured (Weber).Imperialism during the 20th century was very rude. It’s a regretful to those who did bad things to other people. The saddest part of it was that, the British were conquering the land that was not intended for them and hurting the people who own the land. The behavior of one’s nation because of power to control one’s land is very drastic. Kitchener’s plan of using the defenseless women and children as part of the war is to win the war, but not directly to fight with the Boer’s armies (Weber).When the Boer’s troops are diminishing rapidly and that ended the war. The Boer’s government accepted the leadership of the British in the condition that the British must apply a good government concerning the people in the future. However, the war gave the Boers so much resentment which continuous to aff ect the political life of the people throughout the 20th century (Bartleby).According to Krueler’s interview, the women and children including the four thousand prisoners gave a safe passageway by the British when they surrendered for the sake of the children and women. Moreover, the British treated him not as prisoner because he presumed of being a kid.With regards to the interview Krueler, the British had a conscience to speak for themselves for giving safe passageways for those who survived during the war. All they want was to get hold of the land.During the 1899 up to 1902 has become debatable. The holocaust happened in the camps is against the international law. This violates the human rights of the people. Women and children should not treat badly because they are weak and defenseless (Moritz).Anti-British claimed justice to all people who were badly injured and died during the war because of the barbaric acts of the British. The sympathy is with the Boers who only want their own land to live, but because they are few men to fight compared with their intruders, their land was totally occupied and ruled by the British (Weber).The war was proved to be the costliest, bloodiest and longest. Furthermore, it was said to be humiliating war from the British because of the longest time to defeat the Boers knowing that they were only few men fighting against them. In addition to, they were not fighting against the armies of the Boers, but they were fighting against the weak people of the Boers (Weber).Not only had the British militaries committed crimes, but also the leaders who gave commands. It is a crime against humanity, crime that no one was punished, crime that Kitchener should pay for. Unfortunately, when Kitchener died, he was remembered because of his virtue instead of a criminal (Weber).The British leaders’ imperialistic acts and hunger for diamonds and gold brought big and unforgivable damage to the people and land of Boer. The British wer e already powerful and wealthy during that time. They forgot about the thousands of lives perished for their greediness (Weber).Krueler’s interview about the First World War seems to be more similar intentions of the German people of acquiring the land in which the British occupied during that time. He was used by the German leaders to fight for them for colonial reasons. Some European countries are aiming to win the land of gold and diamonds for the purpose of continuous power and wealth. During the European wars, there are millions of civilians and militaries died aiming for one land which was not really fair for the civilians and most especially to those who owns the land.BibliographyThe Columbia Encyclopedia 6th Edition. Bartleby. Dec 2007. Moritz, Garett. About. 1998.Weber, Mark. IHR. May 1999.

Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s Poetry - 915 Words

Edgar Allan Poe was one of the greatest writers of the 19th century. He is is well known for his gothic themes and disturbing characters. Unfortunately, Poe lived a life full of sorrow and pain, having nearly everyone he loved die. His poem Alone is said to have been a confessional poem, recalling how Poe felt growing up. Poe’s use of repetition, metaphors, and imagery all aid in bringing the reader closer to understanding what was going on in Poe’s mind. The poem Alone was not published until after Poe’s death in 1875. Some say because of this the poem is a real look into Poe’s mind. The poem is in first person with the narrator telling how he never felt like he belonged and always felt like he was different in every way from others. His upbringing was not traditional and so he was alone most of the time. Not just alone physically but psychologically, he felt his thoughts were not the same as others. The poem has a sorrowful, and dark tone to it shown th rough the use of words like â€Å"stormy†, â€Å"sorrow†, â€Å"thunder†, and â€Å"demon†. Throughout the poem Poe uses repetition to emphasize what he is saying. In the second line Poe says â€Å"As others were; I have not seen As others saw;† (lines 2-3). â€Å"As others† is used to emphasize the contrast between himself and others. Later in the poem he goes on to repeat the words â€Å"from the† and then describes natural things like â€Å"red cliffs of the mountain† (line 14), the sun, lightning in the sky, thunderstorms and clouds. According to MichaelShow MoreRelatedBrianna Ruiz-Vannerson. Leonard Miller. Enc1102. Feb. 231548 Words   |  7 PagesMiller ENC1102 Feb. 23 2017 The Compelling Mind of Edgar Allan Poe Through: â€Å"Lenore† and â€Å"The Raven† Throughout the life of esteemed author Edgar Allan Poe, there have been many time that this extraordinary man’s life has been turned upside down with grief. His first encounter with this wretched demon was when he was no older than three years of age. The mother who birthed him dies and his father abandons them before her death (â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†). He then is separated from his brother and sisterRead MoreThe Tortured Poet : Edgar Allan Poe1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tortured Poet: Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Beauty is the sole legitimate province of the poem† Poe, Edgar Allan. The Philosophy of Composition. 1846. The name Poe often brings to mind tales of horror and mystery, but this Poe was also a writer of sophisticated poems, capable of extreme poetic beauty within a dark genre of writing. Poe never lived the happiest of lives, but his writing is extraordinary, both for its execution, and for the sheer elegance of the words which he found to write upon the pageRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Raven2600 Words   |  11 PagesPoetry is said to be one of the world s most difficult forms of art. 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Poe s poetry and short story oeuvre follows a consistent, melancholy theme of death and darkness that has captured and haunted readers for years (Baym, et al. 683). Perhaps his most legendary contribution to literature is his creation of theRead MoreLiterary Devices Used By Edgar Allan Poe986 Words   |  4 Pages In poetry, everything has a meaning. Poetic writers use many elements to signal the audience in whichever direction they wish to. They use these elements to get their messages across so the readers understand the poem in a much deeper stance. One great poet that uses such intricate writing in his poems is Edgar Allan Poe. Edgar Allan Poe uses several different literary devices in his major 1849 poem Annabel Lee. In his text he incorporates theme with imagery, symbolism, and form. These literaryRead MoreAnalysis Of Poe s The Fal l Of The House Of Usher 3197 Words   |  13 PagesPoe’s â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† Edgar Allan Poe is an American poet from the early 1800s who has been regarded in many literary handbooks as â€Å"the architect of the modern short story† (Poetry Foundation). Since his death in 1849, Poe has become world renowned for his critical theories as well as his many haunting poems and short stories. But Poe s work hasn’t always been as popular as it is today. In 1827, Poe published his first collection of poetry, Tamerlane, and Other Poems. UnfortunatelyRead MoreThe Raven And The Overwhelming Power And Sadness Of The Death Of A Loved One1165 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis This critical analysis essay is about Poet Edgar Allen Poe’s poem â€Å"The Raven† and the overwhelming power and sadness of the death of a loved one. There is such sorrow and even anticipation that the poem invokes in the reader. The poem can be quite dreary and full of gloom, but the author also makes it sound eerie but somehow beautiful and lyrical especially when reciting it orally. Poe was a remarkable writer and known as being a bit peculiar in person and in his writings. Poe usesRead More Comparing Symbols and Symbolism in Blue Hotel, Black Cat, Night, Alfred Prufrock, Red Wheelbarrow1620 Words   |  7 Pagesof literature. The Blue Hotel by Stephen Crane, The Black Cat of Edgar Allan Poe, Night by William Blake, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T. S. Eliot, and The Red Wheelbarrow by William Carlos Williams encompass examples of color symbolism from both the prose and the poetry of literature. When drawing from various modes of psychology, interpretation s of various colors, with emphasis to dream psychology, an analysis of the colors themselves and then their applications to literature